Síndrome de Gorlin Goltz e suas implicações odontológicas / Gorlin Goltz Syndrome: Dental Implications

Este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a Síndrome de Gorlin Goltz com foco em sua principal complicação odontológica, o Tumor Odontogênico Ceratocístico. A busca foi feita nas bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct e Wiley Online Library. Buscou-se artigos clínicos e pesquisas publicados no período de 2010 a 2015 que estivessem relacionados à Síndrome de Gorlin Goltz e ao Tumor Odontogênico Ceratocístico ou que abordassem a inter-relação entre ambos. Além disso, também foram selecionados estudos os quais abrangessem a importância do cirurgião dentista no diagnóstico precoce da morbidade de base a partir de achados do referido tumor. Somente as pesquisas em língua estrangeira, preferencialmente em inglês, foram incluídas nesta revisão. Diante das alterações fisiopatológicas que a Síndrome de Gorlin Goltz causa, compreende-se a relevância do acompanhamento desses pacientes por uma equipe multiprofissional, especialmente pelo cirurgião dentista, uma vez que este é o responsável direto pelo diagnóstico e tratamento da principal morbidade associada à síndrome.

This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, focusing on its main dental complication, the Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor. The databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley were searched for clinical articles and studies published from 2010 to 2015 on Gorlin Goltz Syndrome and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor, or studies that addressed the interrelationship between Gorlin Goltz Syndrome and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor. Additionally, the review also selected studies that discussed the importance of dentists for the early diagnosis of the underlying disease based on said tumor-related findings. Only studies in foreign languages, preferably English, were included in this review. The pathophysiological changes caused by Gorlin Goltz Syndrome explain the importance of having a multidisciplinary team, especially a dentist, follow these patients since the dentist is directly responsible for diagnosing and treating the main disease associated with the syndrome.

Production of cuticle-degrading proteases by Nomuraea rileyi and its virulence against Anticarsia gemmatalis / Produção de proteases degradadoras de cutícula por Nomuraea rileyi e sua virulência contra Anticarsia gemmatalis

Nomuraea rileyi represents an important natural control agent of Anticarsia gemmatalis preventing populations from reaching economic threshold levels in soybean. During the processes of host infection, entomopathogenic fungi produce extracellular proteases, which degrade the host cuticle and are suggested to be virulence determinants. It was examined the production of subtilisin-like (Pr1) and trypsin-like (Pr2) proteases in two strains (NR458 and CG434) of N. rileyi and its possible role in the process of pathogenicity to this caterpillar. Fungal growth was performed in a mineral medium containing nitrate, and supplemented with the cuticle or exuviae from A. gemmatalis, or with the non-cuticular substrate casein. In medium containing nitrate as sole nitrogen source, no detectable Pr1-like activity occurred in the culture supernatants of the two fungal strains. However, both strains of N. rileyi produced Pr1-like protease in all medium amended with exogenous nitrogen source, and it was highly expressed in the presence of insect cuticle. Pr2-like activity was significantly inferior to Pr1-like activity and it was detected only in some of the media culture and incubation periods tested. In the NR458 culture supernatant the highest activity was observed in medium containing nitrate as nitrogen source. Correlation analysis between the percentage of A. gemmatalis mortality in bioassays and Pr1-like protease activity of strain NR458 suggests a positive correlation for these variables.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de proteases dos tipos subtilisina [Pr1] e tripsina [Pr2] por duas linhagens do fungo entomopatogênico Nomuraea rileyi e a correlação entre a atividade de Pr1 e a patogenicidade contra Anticarsia gemmatalis. O crescimento do fungo foi realizado em meio mínimo contendo nitrato e suplementado com a cutícula ou exúvia de A. gemmatalis, ou com substrato não cuticular caseína. Em meio contendo nitrato, nenhuma atividade de Pr1 foi detectada nos sobrenadantes das culturas. Entretanto, as duas linhagens de N. rileyi produziram Pr1 em meio suplementado com fonte exógena de nitrogênio, e alta atividade foi verificada na presença da cutícula do inseto. A atividade de Pr2 foi inferior à atividade de Pr1. A análise de correlação entre a atividade de Pr1 da linhagem NR458 e mortalidade de A. gemmatalis sugere uma correlação positiva para essas variáveis. A avaliação da atividade de enzimas em diferentes condições pode ajudar na compreensão do processo infeccioso de N. rileyi em A. gemmatalis.

Type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins - entomotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic action on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) from plants inhibit protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes. Some two-chain (type 2) RIPs are highly toxic and may play a role in plant defense. The lower toxicity of single-chain (type 1) RIPs reflects the lack of a protein domain able to bind to, and translocate the toxin across cell membranes. We studied the effect of single-chain RIPs, lychnin, momordin, gelonin, PAP-S and saporin S-6, in larvae of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. After ingesting a total dose of 20 or 40 microg of the toxins, weight gain, survival rate, lesions in DNA and oxidative status (catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and lipidic peroxidation) of RIP-treated insects were assayed. Momordin was the less toxic in the biossays. S. frugiperda had a more pronounced weight loss on the 4th day of treatment and A. gemmatalis on the 10th day. RIP-induced mortality reached 57.13% for A. gemmatalis and 29.45% for S. frugiperda. RIP-treated insects showed a 2-3-fold increase in DNA lesions as assessed by the comet assay, but there were no correlations between stress markers and DNA damage. We conclude that single-chain RIPs are entomotoxic to lepidopteran insects causing extensive DNA lesions.